Like many other components, the following components also play an important role in hybrid vehicles:
The motor forms the core. It has two functions: First, it can drive an electric car in certain driving situations. Second, as a generator, it can convert kinetic energy from the brake into electricity, and then feed back to the battery through the inverter. This is what we call energy recovery.
Internal combustion engines are conventional drive systems that derive their energy primarily from gasoline or diesel. It is especially efficient when operating at a constant speed at its optimum operating point.
The ECU connects the motor to the internal combustion engine and automatically switches to the optimal drive system based on the most efficient drive mode while driving. Electronic power flow management ensures efficient vehicle operation.
The inverter connects the battery to the motor. The power electronics convert the battery's DC voltage into a high-frequency AC voltage, creating an electromagnetic field that is used to generate electricity from the motor.
The battery is responsible for powering the motor. In hybrid vehicles, lithium-ion batteries work in tandem with battery management systems. With the exception of light hybrid electric vehicles (48V battery), other high-voltage batteries are used.
The fuel tank is responsible for storing fossil fuels, namely gasoline or diesel. The range of a car depends on the size of the fuel tank.